As of 2026, there are approximately 15.5 million women and girls in Nepal. For them, menstruation is a natural process of the body during the reproductive years. Still, women and girls in Nepal face complex challenges like superstitions, stigma and discriminatory practices during their menstruation. One of these practices is called Chhaupadi. Chhaupadi is an old tradition, based on social and cultural norms, where it is believed that women are “impure” during their menstruation. Meanwhile they are banished from their houses and social activities, staying in isolated “menstruation huts.” There, they are exposed to dangerous conditions, including cold, wild animals, and sexual violence (Global Divide, 2026). Nepalese law criminalised this harmful practice in 2017. Sadly, it still frequently occurs in many of Nepal’s districts. In 2019, the National Human Rights Commission documented at least 16 Chhaupadi-related deaths in a single year in Sudurpaschim Province. There were 3 reported deaths across Nepal in 2025 (Global Divide, 2026). In 2020, 8.7% of girls nationwide still practiced Chhaupadi (World Vision, 2020).
Other challenges faced by women and girls during menstruation include limited access to hygiene products and sanitation facilities, lack of menstrual health education, and social stigma. 39% of women in Nepal rely on unhygienic methods for menstrual health management (Days for Girls, 2025). Hygienic menstrual products are often subject to limited availability and high costs. Additionally, only 51% of the Nepalese population has regular access to a safe sanitation facility (Days for Girls, 2025). Girls most commonly first learn about menstruation from their mothers rather than in school. In 2020, 71.1% of adolescent girls knew about periods before their first one occurred (MHMPA, 2025). Many girls frequently miss school and fall behind during menstruation due to pain and discomfort, cultural restrictions, and the shame that results from the social stigma surrounding periods.
Fortunately, progress is being made. In 2025, Nepal’s Supreme Court ruled to remove all taxes on menstrual products. The government is also developing a Dignified Menstruation Policy, which aims to address menstrual taboos and improve menstrual health nationwide (Days for Girls, 2025).
